Which condition is associated with an increased risk of third-spacing?

Third-spacing refers to the movement of fluid from the vascular system into the interstitial space, where it becomes unavailable for use by the body. This phenomenon can lead to significant fluid shifts, resulting in decreased blood volume and potential organ dysfunction.

Burns are associated with third-spacing due to damage to the skin and underlying tissues, which can lead to increased capillary permeability and the loss of plasma proteins. This causes fluid to move from the intravascular space to the interstitial space, contributing to edema and reduced effective blood volume.

Cirrhosis, a chronic liver disease, can also result in third-spacing. In cirrhosis, portal hypertension can lead to fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites) and increased fluid leakage from the hepatic vasculature into the peritoneal cavity, again reducing fluid available in the vascular space.

Pediatric patients are especially prone to third-spacing as they have a higher body water content and can become rapidly dehydrated. Conditions that cause fluid imbalance in children, including infections or gastrointestinal losses, can exacerbate the risk of third-spacing.

Since all these conditions increase the likelihood of fluid shifting into the interstitial space, the correct answer encompasses all scenarios as they are interconnected by their physiological effects on fluid balance.